Agroecosystems

Tanzania has a wide range of agroecosystems that are characterized by varying climatic conditions, topography, and soil types. These agroecosystems support diverse agricultural practices, ranging from small-scale subsistence farming to large-scale commercial agriculture.

The main agroecosystems in Tanzania where FBS is working include:

1. Highland agroecosystems: These are located in the highlands and mountainous areas of the country, with altitudes ranging from 1000 to 2500 meters above sea level. They are characterized by cool temperatures and high rainfall, and are well-suited for the production of crops such as coffee, tea, bananas, and vegetables.
2. Lowland agroecosystems: These are located in the lowland areas of the country, with altitudes ranging from 200 to 1000 meters above sea level. They are characterized by high temperatures and low rainfall, and are well-suited for the production of crops such as maize, rice, sorghum, and cotton.
3. Coastal agroecosystems: These are located along the coastal strip of the country, and are characterized by hot and humid conditions. They are well-suited for the production of crops such as coconuts, cashew nuts, spices, and fruits.
4. Agro-pastoral agroecosystems: These are found in the arid and semi-arid areas of the country, where livestock production is integrated with crop production. The main crops grown in these areas include sorghum, maize, and beans, while the main livestock reared include cattle, goats, and sheep.
5. Urban agroecosystems: These are found in urban and peri-urban areas, where agriculture is practiced in small spaces such as backyards and vacant lots. These areas are important for the production of fresh vegetables, fruits, and herbs, and contribute to food security and livelihoods of urban dwellers.

Tanzania’s agroecosystems face various challenges, including soil degradation, deforestation, climate change, pests and diseases, and limited access to agricultural inputs and markets. However, the government and development partners are implementing various programs and initiatives to promote sustainable agriculture practices, increase productivity, and improve livelihoods in these systems. These include promoting agroforestry, conservation agriculture, and climate-smart agriculture practices, improving access to markets and finance for smallholder farmers, and strengthening extension and advisory services.